Melt spinning of polyehtylene blended with cellulose fibers was carried out with the aim of evaluating maximum mechanical properties of the compound. Some chemical modifications were applied for polyethylene to improve interaction with cellulose fibers. When the fibers prepared at the same take-up velocities were compared, tensile properties of polyethylene fibers blended with only 1 wt% of cellulose fibers showed higher tensile modulus and strength in comparison with those for neat polyethylene fibers. Structure analysis of the fibers through the wide-angle X-ray diffraction and birefringence measurement revealed that the improvement of the mechanical properties was caused through the enhancement of molecular orientation of polyetylene rather than the reinforcement by the cellulose fibers.